Flying-machine.



Tl WI FLYING MAOHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2,1911

Patented Aug. 13, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES ATTORNEYS T. W. CAREY, JR.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLIOA'fION FILED MAY 2,1911.

Patented Aug. 13,1912.

z SHEETS-31121 2. .17

WWW w ATTORNEYS 40 will be more full described hereinafter and UNITEDstr TEs PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS WILLIAM CAREY, JR, 01? NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.

FLYING-MACHINE.

i Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 13,1912- Applicationfiled May 2, 1911.

Serial No. 624,537.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS W. CAREY,

Jr., a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New Orleans, inthe parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, have invented a new andImproved Flying-Machine, of which the following is a full, clear, andexact description. Thisinvention relates to a new and improved flyingmachine, and particularly to the means for controlling the equilibriumand balance of the same.

It has been found in aeroplanes, that in circling to make a turn, theaeroplane as a whole tilts'sid'ewise,-due to the centrifugal force andresistance. If too short a turn is tried, this tilting or inverse angleof in clination becomes, at least dangerous, if not disastrous, as thereis a tendency for the flying machine to fall with'its side edgedownward, offering little or no resisting surface to the air.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a flying machinewith one or more sets of equlibrium planes and ailerons adapted tocounteract this tilting action and reduce theinverse angle, wherebyshorter turns may be accomplished with less danger.

A further object of this invention is to provide afiying machinewith'one'or more 9 sets" of e uilibrium planes adapted to be tilted toorm a dihedral angle, and cooperatively connected with ailerons adaptedto turn in opposite directions simultaneously with the manipulation ofthe equilibrium planes,'whereby the equilibrium and tilting of theflying machine can be controlled to a nicety. These and further objects,together? with the construction and combination of parts,

particularly set orth in the claims. v

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming. a part 'ofthis specithe'views', and in which-- the aeroplane, showing. theequilibrium planes and ailerons tilted into one of their Figure 1 is afragmentary top plan view; Figs. 2 and 3 are fragmentary'perspectiveviews of the left and right-hand {3011210118 of osition's, as forexample, in makings turn 0 the right, whereby they will counteract to acertain extent the tendency of the aero P plane to tilt to the right;Fig. '41 is a frag;

'mentary sectional view showing the means for operating one of theequilibrium planes; Fig. 51s a section taken at right-angles to that inFig. 4, and showing the same detall; Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section onthe llne of Fig. 1; and F ig. 7 is a detail showing the connection ofthe controlling ropes to the controlling wheel.

Referring more particularly to the separate parts of this invention asembodied in the form shown in the drawings, 1 indi- .cates an aeroplane,which may be of any suitable type, such as a monoplane, biplane, or thehke, and in this instance is shown in the form of a inonoplane having asingle supporting plane 2 secured in any well own manner to a frame 3.'In order. to take thestrain' off the extreme ends of the supportingplane 2, due to the flying machine forcing its way through the air, theris provlded a truss arrangement, indicate at 4:, which is shown in theform of a tie 5 secured at its ends to the outer ends of the supportingplane 2, and passing over, intermediate its ends, struts 6 and 7rojecting forwardly in the longitudinal direction .of the flyingmachine, whereby the strain on the ends of the support-in plane istrans-, mitted to points adpcenttfie frame 3. It will be seen that thistruss arrangement ex tends substantially in the'plane of the supportingplane 2, and projects forwardly rom the front edge thereof.

At each side of the supporting plane and'in fact at times formingextensions thereof, there is provided a movable plane, ,WlllCl'l, forthe sake of distinction,will be called an equilibriumplane. Theseequilibrium lanes are indicated at 8 and 9;

The equi ibrium planes 8 and 9 are pivoted.

adjacentthe rear edge of the supporting. plane 2 at each side thereof.These ailerons.

are shown in the form ofplanes pivotally supported intermediate their.front and rear edges in any suitable manner, as by means of axes l3.While the equilibrium. planes and the'allerons may be 0 Gratedseparately, it IS preferable that they operated in unisun, so as tocombine their effect in cont-rolling theposition and equilibrium of theflying machine. Any suitable means for effect ing this control may beutilized, and in this instance, I' have shown a controlling mem-, ber14, in the form of 'a hand-wheel hav ng a shaft secured thereto. Thisshaft 15 is. rotatably mounted in any suitable manner on the frame 3,and-is provided with a drum a 16, overseparate portions of which extend10 flexible connections 17 and 18. -These flexible connections may befixedly; secured to the drum 16, so asto'preventslipping, or may dependon a: j, ;a-lity of turns to'transmit the driving movement of thehand-wheel '14 to the drum 16. One end ofeach' of the flexibleconnections 17' and 18 extends over suitable guide pulleys, indicatedat'19, to-

theunder side of theailerons' 11 and 12, re-

spectively, beyond their pivotal axes,'.where t 29 ey are. securedadjacent the rear edges of .the ailerons and pass up over ailerons andin the opposite direction, to points where they are secured toequilibrium-plane operators 20, which in this instance are shown in theform of bell crank lever pulleys .rotatably mounted on brackets 21. I Inpassing to and from the point of connection with the rear edges of theailerons, the flexible connec-- tions pass over'the ends of levers120,which 3o projectv onopposite' sides of the ailerons to formattaching points. The opposite ends of the flexible connections 17 and 18, after passing over suitable guide-pulleys '22, are

also connected to-the operators 20, but ex tending thereto inthe-opposite directi0n The two ends of the flexibleconnections '17and'18 may passthrough an'opening 23in the operators, so as to securethe same fixedly to the operators, thereby preventing any" sIipping. Theoperators may be connects ed in any suitable mannerto the equilibrium II planes;8 and 9, as-tfor example,"by the con nection 24, which is shownto be a universal connection, so ascto permit 'of the relative" pivotalmovement of the'operators' and the" equilibrium planes. .In'. thisinstance, the connecting member'fzetisshown as comprising a bracket 25'secured to the equilibrium plane, a link '26 pivotally secured to the26;, so as'to swing attright' angles-to 'the swinging movement of thelink ,Ztijrela'tive to,v the bracket 25'." Th'e' bracket 27- may be ad"'85 justably secured to the operator i20jinr-aray suitable manner,"asby mean's'of'aslot an bolt connection 28. Itfiwill be noted that'when the equilibrium planes 8 and'10. are in.

their horizontal position corresponding totheplane of the supportingplane 2,,"and

practically formingl'a continuation thereof,

the -operators and-the-,eonnecting mechanismbetween-the operatorsandathe equilibrium.

lanes, will be in the position shown in igs. 4 and 5, that is, with.thezbolt 28 sub- ,with the above description.

racket 25, so. as to swingin' one direction, f and abracket 27pivotally' c0m1ected to-the' "stantially in alinement with the pivotalaxes of the operators 20, with the elements g of the connecting-member24 substantially in aliner'nent, representing adead-ce-nter position,whereby arotation of the operators in either direction will of necessityforce the inner and shorter end of each'of the equilibrium'planes 8 and9 downwardly,thereby forcing the. outer and'longer portions of theequilibrium planes 8 and 9"-upwardly,-thus forming a. dihedral angle.-It will be further seen that the movement of the equilibrium planes 8and 9 is simultaneous with the movementof the ailerons '11 and 12, andthat'this movement will al'waysbe from a horizontal position upward, toform a dihedr'al angle irrespective of whether the major portlon of theaileron 11 isiturned up Ii ing plane 2 forming an extension thGIBOf.This is also-true of the ailerons l1 and 12.

When it is desired to make a turn, say for example, to the right, thisis done by manipulati'ng a vertical steering rudder (not shown) by anysuitable means, and'simultaneously turning the wheel 14, so as to pullon the under run of the flexible connection 18 and the upper run of theflexible connection 17, thereby simultaneousy tiltingthe forward end ofthe aileron 12 upwardly, andthe'forwa-rd end of the aileron 11downwardly, This action, it will be readily understood, will tend toraise the right-hand side'of the aeroplane, and depress the lefthand"side facing to'thefront), thereby tendin to counteract the normal tiltdueto I centri ugal force and resistance in making .the turn.This'efi'ec't is also aided by the simultaneous movement of theequilibrium 1 planes 8 and 9, which will .be swun with their-outer endsup, as indicated in igs. 2'

and-.3, thereby forming an inverse dihedral angle; The rightequ1librium'plane'9 will "thereby offer a substantially flat surface,"forming ,a supporting-surface for the, right side'of; the aeroplane,"which in this instance will be the lower.- Theupper surface of the leftequilibrium "plane v8 will catch the air it I passing over the edge of,the right .equilibrium-plane i), and thereby a'ct totend to re turn thea ingmachine to a normal level' .keel; It will be found that this actionwill reduce the cant or tilt of'the flying machine .in'makin'g av shortturn, to a'considerable 13o extent, so-that shorter -turns can be made 4with less danger. It is to be understood that a turn to the left wouldbe accomplished in a similar manner, the aileron l1 assuming a forwardand upward inclination, and the aileron12 a forward and downwardinclination, whilethe-equilibrium planes 8 'and 9 will again be tiltedwith their outer ends a up, so as to form an inversedihedral angle,

1 i5, be protected in variouschang-es, alterations as above, theimajorportions (if the equilibrium planesextending above the supportingplane2.

- While I have shown one embodlment of my'invention, I do not-wish to belimited to the specific details thereof, but desire to and modificationswhich may come within the scope of the appended claims. It is to c Iatively connectedsoas'to move simultanes or more supporting planes onsaid he understood that the arrangement can be readily adapted to anytype of aeroplane, whether ithas one or more supporting planes, :and ifa plurality of supportiu planes are used, the equilibrium planes anailerons may also be multiplied and connected' to move in unison.

Having thus described my mventlon, I

,claim as. new and desire to secure by Letters ;:I?at ent:---. g 1lg-The combination witha frame, of one or more supporting planes on saidframe, an equilibrium plane and an aileron pivotally mounted adjacentone another in each side of the supporting plane so as to normallyextend in the same plane with the latter, and having their axes atright-angles to'one another, and means to simultaneously actuate thesaid e uilibrium planes and ailerons at opposite si es, inrelativelyopposite directions whereby the former maybe moved to slope toward oneanother at an inverted dihedral angle. j i

2. The combination witha frame of one frame, a pair of pivotally-mountedequilibrium planes, manually-controlled mechanism for moving saidequilibriumplanes from a nor-. malhorizontal position topositionsiwherein the equilibrium planes slope toward each other at aninverted dihedral angle, and a pair of pivotally-mounted aileronsoperously in opposite directions at the same time that said equilibriumplanes move.

3. The combination with a frame, of one or moresup or-ting planes onsaid frame, a Jpairof equi ibrium planes pivotally mountoint a greaterdistance from their outer si e edges than from their inner side edges,and mechanism for simultaneousl moving the inner edges of both theequilibrium planes downwardly and simultaneously moving both'of theouter edges up-. wardlv i 4. Th combination 'witha framepof one or'moresupporting planes on said frame, a

ed at a point a greater distance from their outer side edges than fromtheir inner side edges, mechanism for simultaneously moving the inneredges of both the equilibrium planes downwardly and simultaneouslymoving both of the outer edges upwardly, a pair of pivotally-mountedailerons, and connections between said ailerons and said mechanismadapted to simultaneously tilt said ailerons in opposite directionswith. the movement of said equilibrium planes.

5. The combination with a frame, of'one or more sup orting planes onsaid frame, a pair of equi ibrium planes pivotally mount-- e'd so as toswing about longitudinal axes, a pairof ailerons pivotally mounted so asto swing about transverse axes, and mechanism 7 for simultaneouslytilting the major portion a l of said equilibrium planes upward andinclinix ifg said ailerons in o posite directions.

6. he combination wit or more supporting planes on said frame, a pair ofpivotally-mounted equilibrium planes, an operator for each of saidequilibrlum planes, 9. pair of pivotally-mounted ailerons, a hand wheel,and operative connections between said hand-wheel-and said ailerons andbetween said hand-wheel and said operators. p

7. The combination with a frame, of one or more supportirlifg planes onsaid frame, a-

pair of pivot -mounted equilibrium planes, :1. rotatably-mounted pulleyfor each of said equllibrium planes, a link connecand each of saidpulleys, a hand wheel, and flexible connections between said handwheeland said pulleys.

8. The combination with a frame pair of pivotally mounted planes arotatably-mounted ulley for each of said equilibrium plane's, a inkconnection between ea ch of said equilibrium planes and equilibrium ofone or more supporting planes on said frame, a

a frame, of one tion between each of said. equilibrium planes each ofsaid pulleys, a hand wheel, flexible connections between said hand-wheeland V;

said pulleys, and a pair of pivotally-mounted ailerons, said flexibleconnections being so a connected to said ailerons as ,to simultaneouslymanipulate them in opposite direc: tions at the same time that saidequilibrium planes are manipulated by said pulleys;

or more supporting planes on said frame, a

pair of mQvably-mounted equilibrium 9. The combination witha frame, ofone 10. The combination with a frame, of one or more. supporting planeson said frame, a

pair .of pivotall 'y mounted equilibrium planes, a rotatably-mountedoperator for manipulating each of said equilibrium planesfanniversalconnection between each of said operators and each of said equilibriumplanes for allowing for the relative pivotal movement of said operatorsand said equilibrium planes, and means for manipulating said operators.

11. The combination with a frame, of one or more supporting planes onsaid frame,

said pulleys, whereby said equilibrium.

planes and said ailerons may be simultaneously manipulated j' 12. Thecombination with a frame, of one or more supporting planes on saidframe, a pair of pivotally-mounted equilibriumw planes, a pair ofpivotally-mounted ailerons, a pulley-operator for each of saidequilibrium planes, an ad ustable link connection between each of saidpulleys and said ,equi

librium plane's, a hand-wheel, and aflexible connection operated by saidhand-wheel, connected to each of said ailerons and passing over each ofsaid pulleys, whereby said equilibrium planes and said ailerons maysimultaneously manipulated.

1 In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses. j

THOMAS WILLIAM CAREY, JR. Witnesses: v a A. M. WARNER,

- MALCOLM J. TAYLOR,

